这个练习的整体思路首先有一个聊天的服务器,这个服务器的功能主要是提供客户端socket的连接、存储每个客户端的连接session,处理每个连接发送的消息、解析客户端发送的数据。就这些,至于客户端方面不需要写代码,用系统的telnet工具即可。
我觉得有了上面的分析,剩下的这个程序就没有什么说的了,当然,除了那两个把socket封装的类之外。
自己使用python中的socket类尝试这个编写了一个简单的通信程序,不过不知为什么,通信中总是出现意外。这段简单的代码如下:
server.py
import socket
mysocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
mysocket.bind(('',8888))
mysocket.listen(5)
while True:
connection,addr = mysocket.accept()
revStr = connection.recv(1024)
connection.send('Server:' + revStr)
connection.close()
clinet.py
import socket
import time
clientsocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
clientsocket.connect(('',8888))
while True:
time.sleep(2)
clientsocket.send('hello the5fire')
print clientsocket.recv(1024)
clientsocket.close()
这个程序出错的原因没有去细揪,因为python中提供了两个封装好的类来完成socket通信过程:asynchat中的async_chat和asyncore中的dispatcher以及asyncore本身。前面的类是用来处理客户端同服务器的每一次会话,后面的类主要是用来提供socket连接服务。并且将每一个socket连接都托管给前者(async_chat)来处理。
来看代码:
from asyncore import dispatcher
from asynchat import async_chat
import socket, asyncore
PORT = 5005
NAME = 'TestChat'
class EndSession(Exception):pass
class CommandHandler:
def unknown(self, session, cmd):
session.push('Unknown command: %s\r\n' % cmd)
def handle(self, session, line):
if not line.strip(): return
parts = line.split(' ',1)
cmd = parts[0]
try: line = parts[1].strip()
except IndexError: line = ''
meth = getattr(self, 'do_'+cmd, None)
try:
meth(session, line)
except TypeError:
self.unknown(session,cmd)
class Room(CommandHandler):
def __init__(self, server):
self.server = server
self.sessions = []
def add(self, session):
self.sessions.append(session)
def remove(self, session):
self.sessions.remove(session)
def broadcast(self, line):
for session in self.sessions:
session.push(line)
def do_logout(self, session, line):
raise EndSession
class LoginRoom(Room):
def add(self,session):
Room.add(self,session)
self.broadcast('Welcome to %s\r\n' % self.server.name)
def unknown(self, session, cmd):
session.push('Please log in \nUse "login"\r\n')
def do_login(self, session, line):
name = line.strip()
if not name:
session.push('Please enter a name\r\n')
elif name in self.server.users:
session.push('The name "%s" is taken.\r\n' % name)
sessoin.push('Please try again.\r\n')
else:
session.name = name
session.enter(self.server.main_room)
class ChatRoom(Room):
def add(self, session):
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has entered the room.\r\n')
self.server.users[session.name] = session
Room.add(self, session)
def remove(self, session):
Room.remove(self, session)
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has left the room.\r\n')
def do_say(self, session, line):
self.broadcast(session.name + ': ' + line + '\r\n')
def do_look(self, session, line):
session.push('The following are in this room:\r\n')
for other in self.sessions:
session.push(other.name + '\r\n')
def do_who(self, session, line):
session.push('The following are logged in:\r\n')
for name in self.server.users:
session.push(name + '\r\n')
class LogoutRoom(Room):
def add(self, session):
try: del self.server.users[session.name]
except KeyError: pass
class ChatSession(async_chat):
def __init__(self, server, sock):
async_chat.__init__(self,sock)
self.server = server
self.set_terminator('\r\n')
self.data = []
self.name = None
self.enter(LoginRoom(server))
def enter(self, room):
try:
cur = self.room
except AttributeError:
pass
else: cur.remove(self)
self.room = room
room.add(self)
def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
self.data.append(data)
def found_terminator(self):
line = ''.join(self.data)
self.data = []
try: self.room.handle(self, line)
except EndSession:
self.handle_close()
def handle_close(self):
async_chat.handle_close(self)
self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))
class ChatServer(dispatcher):
def __init__(self, port, name):
dispatcher.__init__(self)
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.bind(('',port))
self.listen(5)
self.name = name
self.users = {}
self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)
def handle_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.accept()
ChatSession(self,conn)
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = ChatServer(PORT, NAME)
try: asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt: print
整个程序分为我一开始说的三个部分:
提供客户端的socket连接:ChatServer类。
存储每个客户端的连接session,处理每个连接发送的消息:ChatSession类,这个类的作用很简单,接受数据,判断是否有终结符,如果有调用found_terminator这个方法。
解析客户端发送的数据:就是剩下的room相关的类,这些类分别用来处理客户端发送的字符串和命令,都是继承自CommandHandler。
最终截图:
如果觉得我分析的有疑问的话,欢迎留言。 - from the5fire.com
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